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Scientists have discovered that one of the most diabolical proteins implicated in diabetes not only kills insulin - produce cells through one mechanism , but also damages the cell it does n’t kill through a second , novel mechanics .
reign in this rogue protein , called TXNIP , couldsignificantly mastery diabetes , a disease that affects nearly 9 percent of Americans and is rapidly becoming a major cause of last and disability worldwide .
Having diabetes can mean checking blood sugar levels several times daily.
The scientists , from the University of Alabama at Birmingham , identified several never - before - realized routes to place TXNIP with drug . Their written report appears today ( Aug. 25 ) in the journal Nature Medicine .
Hope for type 1 and 2
Diabetes is a disease characterized by high levels of sugars in the origin , often resulting in cardiovascular disease , kidney disease and nerve damage , and can lead to the loss of limbs . Normally , the pancreas bring forth insulin in its beta cell to bird sugars , or simple carbohydrates , from the food we eat into various organs , where it is used for fuel . In people with diabetes , either the pancreas is n’t bring out insulin ( character 1 diabetes ) or the insulin that is produced is n’t efficaciously shuttling sugar into the organs ( type 2 diabetes ) .
Having diabetes can mean checking blood sugar levels several times daily.
character 1 , once called puerile diabetes , is usually name in children – their pancreatic genus Beta cells die or malfunction for no known cause . Type 2 , sometimes predict adult - onslaught diabetes , usually develops during maturity and is strongly associate with obesity or a dieting luxuriously in sugars and process food for thought , although sedentary life style and hereditary gene are also at play . [ 5 Diets That Fight Diseases ]
The protein TXNIP , short for thioredoxin - interact protein , is necessitate in both type 1 and case 2 diabetes .
Dr. Anath Shalev , music director of the UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center and senior author on the new paper , discovered almost a decade ago that TXNIP is activated by sugars and kills beta cells . She found that TXNIP can unleash a wafture of atom called complimentary radicals that tell the beta electric cell to commit cellular suicide in a process call apoptosis .
Apoptosis would be practiced for , say , cancer jail cell or cell infected with pathogen , which is why the body has such a defense mechanism , but it clearly is n’t good for beneficial genus Beta cells .
In her most recent inquiry , Shalev along with lead writer Guanlan Xu of UAB and colleagues found that TXNIP also can recount the beta cells to make less insulin . This is done through a never - before - seen mechanism , she said , in which TXNIP triggers the genus Beta cell to make a snip of genetic material , called microRNA-204 , that interferes with another molecule , call transcription factor MafA , which would otherwise plow on the insulin gene .
The newly discovered pathway provides more ways for doctors to stop the ravages of TXNIP . For instance , perhaps a drug could block microRNA-204 .
Triggering the avalanche
Shalev say that for some people , excessive requirement on beta cell to farm insulin to sabotage elevated blood sugar — which is what ’s attend intype 2 diabetes , which accounts for more than 90 percent of all diabetes — eventually stresses the beta cell , which then fall back their ability to make enough insulin to play demand . This leads to an addition in blood carbohydrate and greater levels of TXNIP yield – a vicious bicycle that results in even less insulin product and more genus Beta cell end .
" Sugars in the dieting per se do not cause diabetes , and we have to be cautious not to oversimplify a complex disease such as diabetes , " Shalev told LiveScience .
However , elevated blood shekels levelsare know to cause an increase in TXNIP , and over time , even small increases in origin lettuce levels can lead to accumulation of TXNIP and the link up beta cell disfunction and destruction that can finally go to diabetes , she said .
Fumihiko Urano at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , Mo. , a diabetes expert not involved with the newfangled cogitation , name the enquiry as a major progress in understanding the origination and patterned advance of diabetes .
Urano ’s inquiry has revealed that excessive TXNIP is grow as a resultant of stress on a jail cell complex body part name the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) . He said the new study points to researchers ' growing intellect that TXNIP is a key player in a host of diseases relate to ER stress , such as Alzheimer ’s disease , Parkinson ’s disease , and Wolfram Syndrome , Urano ’s specialty , a rare genetic disorder whose symptom admit character 1 diabetes , cecity and deafness .
Health experts say that a dieting plenteous in vulcanized fiber and complex saccharide found in leafy gullible vegetables , legumes and whole grain can serve prevent eccentric 2 diabetes . Once diabetes progresses , however , repairing damage genus Beta cells remains hard to impossible .
Christopher Wanjek is the source of a young novel , " Hey , Einstein ! " , a comical nature - versus - nurture narration about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less - than - ideal options . His pillar , Bad Medicine , seem on a regular basis onLiveScience .
