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Even though bamboo is their main solid food author , gargantuan giant panda are frightful at digest it , a new survey of their intestine bacterium finds .
A look at the jumbo - pandagut microbiome(bacteria living in the stomach and intestines ) showed that the animals have relatively few bacterium that help oneself digest fibrous plants such as bamboo . Instead , most of the panda ’s gut is covered with bacterium such asEscherichia / ShigellaandStreptococcus , organisms typically found in kernel eaters , the research worker allege .
These bacterium may be leftovers from an ancestor , the investigator said . Thegiant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) evolved from bears that ate both plants and meat . Ancient giant pandas likely began eating bamboo about 7 million years ago but became undivided bamboo eaters about 2 million days ago , the researchers noted . [ Baby Panda Pics : See A Cub Growing Up ]
Yet modern pandas spend about 14 hour a 24-hour interval eat on bamboo , and it is n’t an easy food for them to digest . Over time , the giant giant panda develop a brawny jaw and teeth to help it chew the fibrous plant . It also develop enlarged pseudothumbs ( a radiocarpal joint osseous tissue that act like a thumb ) to aid it grasp bamboo stems , the researchers wrote in the written report . But the animal ’s gut still looks like that of a carnivore , and it can digest only about 17 percent of the bamboo it eats , the research worker said .
" Unlike other flora - consume animals that have successfully acquire anatomically specializeddigestive systemsto efficiently deconstruct stringy plant matter , the giant panda still hold a GI tract typical of carnivore , " Zhihe Zhang , the study ’s lead source and director of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding inChina , said in a command .
" The animals also do not have the genes for plant - digesting enzyme in their own genome , " Zhang say . " This combined scenario may have increased their risk for extinction . "
In the survey , researchers did a genetic depth psychology of the catgut bacteria in the quarter of 45 intelligent pandas living at the Chengdu Research Base . After about one year , they collected 112 fecal sampling frompanda cub , juvenile person and adult . Except for the cubs , which drank Milk River , each panda bear ate about 22 pound . ( 10 kilograms ) of bamboo and bamboo shoot , as well as up to 1.7 lbs . ( 800 grams ) of steamed bread every day .
But the feces were full of undigested bamboo sherd , the researchers find .
" This result is unexpected and quite interesting , because it implies the elephantine panda ’s bowel microbiota may not have well adapted to its unique dieting , and places pandas at an evolutionary dilemma , " say study co - author Xiaoyan Pang , an associate prof in the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China .
All of the giant giant panda , admit nine absorbed and seven wild pandas previously studied , had a broken diversity ofgut microbiota . Moreover , the animal ’s microbiome did n’t contain plant - degrading bacterium , such asRuminococcaceaeandBacteroides , which are far-flung in other herbivorous creature .
However , the microbes in their gut did vary by season . For instance , the bacteria are dissimilar in the late fall , when there are no young bamboo shoot , compared to in the spring and summertime , Pang said .
The investigator plan to do follow - up work so they can learn more about the panda ’s gut bacteria , and how the microbe affect the animals ' health and nutrition , the researchers said .
The findings were published online today ( May 19 ) in the daybook mBio , a publication from the American Society for Microbiology .
